Calendar maths
You might think week numbers are dead simple. Surely you just start at week 1 and go up to week 52, then start over? Unfortunately it's not that easy. It turns out to be surprisingly complicated!
This article describes week numbering according to ISO 8601, which Sweden and most European countries follow. Other conventions exist — the United States, for example, uses Sunday as the first day of the week and treats week 1 as the week containing January 1 — so the model looks different there. The "53-week year" phenomenon explored below is specific to ISO 8601: ISO requires full seven-day weeks, while the US convention simply truncates the first and last weeks of the year to fit.
TL;DR
- Most years have 52 weeks, but some have 53.
- Whether a year has 53 weeks depends on what day of the week January 1 of the following year falls on, and whether the current year is a leap year.
- Leap years occur slightly less than every four years on average, which makes the model for when 53 weeks appear tricky.
